In India, despite the constitutional right to a "reasonable, fair, and just" procedure for a person accused of an offence, the prison system is overflowing with undertrials—those who have been arrested but are yet to be convicted.

In targeted attacks on activists, Indian authorities have been trying to strategically erase any space for dissent, primarily through the oppressive sedition and anti-terror laws. A staggering number of women are being framed in trumped up charges and even being jailed.